Domestic power bills have risen substantially across Australia over the last decade, but some relief is in sight with prices expected to fall by an average of 1.1 per cent between 2018-19 and 2020-21. Find out more about what makes up your bill and what we can do bring prices down.
Simply put, we pay for four main things – the generation of electricity, the poles and wires to get the electricity to homes and business, electricity company administration and marketing costs, and environmental costs.
Watch the following video and read on below for more information on what goes into your bill.
The cost of actually generating energy – whether from renewable energy, coal or gas – makes up almost 40 per cent of the cost of the average bill. This is known as the wholesale electricity price.
The wholesale price of power has risen in recent years due to a couple of factors. First, the rising cost of producing power from gas and secondly, the closure of several old and inefficient coal power plants in South Australia and Victoria.
However, the wholesale electricity price is expected to decrease by an annual average of 5.1 per cent from 2018-19 to 2020-21 as more than 4500 MW of new large-scale renewable energy generation enters the market to ease supply-side pressures.
Australia has one of the longest electricity networks in the world. The cost of the poles and wires that carry the electricity from power plants to our homes and businesses is passed through to us in our power bills.
Keeping our poles and wires well maintained and building new parts of the electricity network is not cheap. In 2017-18, these costs accounted for 44 per cent of the cost of the average electricity bill.
This part of our bill covers the cost of maintaining customer databases and billing processes at electricity retail companies, as well as marketing to win new customers.
While a study in September 2017 by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission into electricity prices across the National Electricty Market found that electricity company costs accounted for about a quarter of the average residential electricity bill, a 2018 study by the Australian Energy Market Commission suggested that these costs made up 12 per cent of the average electricity bill in 2017-18.
Analysis from the Grattan Institute in 2017 says this component of the average power bill has been one of the biggest causes of recent price rises.
This is the smallest component of the average bill. It includes the cost of meeting the national Renewable Energy Target, as well as the ongoing costs of rooftop solar power support schemes. The cost varies from state to state. According to a 2018 study by the Australian Energy Market Commission, the cost of environmental schemes makes up about 6 per cent of the average bill.
A variety of different factors have contributed to price rises. Some of these include:
Some relief is on the way. Renewable energy can relieve some of the burden for consumers, with prices expected to fall by an average of 1.1 per cent between 2018-19 and 2020-21. The unprecedented increase in the amount of renewable energy projects and investment in Australia will add more supply to the electricity system and reduce the strain caused by the closures of coal plants.
We currently have an opportunity in this country to act on an issue that is affecting all of us with a clean and reliable solution from renewable energy and energy storage. With long-term and effective bipartisan energy policy, we can ensure this happens smoothly after 2020. It would be a waste to let it pass us by.
Opponents of the Renewable Energy Target often claim that the target is forcing up the price of power. However, analysis from energy market experts ROAM Consulting found that Australian households would pay over half a billion dollars more for power in 2020 without the Renewable Energy Target in place, and up to $1.4 billion more per year beyond that.
Modelling conducted by ACIL Allen as part of the Federal Government’s Renewable Energy Target review found that the average household electricity bill would be lower in the future with the target in place than without it.
This is because less renewable energy generation means we need more gas, which the Australian Energy Market Operator forecasts to increase in price by 48 per cent over the next 20 years. A variety of energy sources also means more competition in the electricity market – and as in any market, competition helps keep prices down.
A report by the Australian National University showed that between 2006 and 2016, electricity price rises were highest in the states with relatively low levels of renewable energy and a high reliance on gas and/or coal generation (136 per cent in Queensland, 118 per cent in Victoria and 109 per cent in New South Wales). In contrast, South Australia, which now generates almost half of its energy from renewables, experienced a far lower electricity price rise (87 per cent) over the same period.
In addition to retaining the Renewable Energy Target, the best thing we can do to combat rising electricity prices is to reduce or better manage ‘peak demand’.
Peak demand refers to the small number of times each year when very high amounts of electricity are used – usually the hottest few days of summer. As we build more houses and install more air-conditioners, the demand for electricity on these very hot days goes up, and we need to build more power plants to avoid blackouts.
These new plants come at a considerable cost to consumers, even though they might only be used for a few hours a year (over the whole of 2012, the electricity network experienced peak demand for less than 40 hours). Energy policy experts generally agree that building additional power plants specifically to meet the small number of peak demand periods every year is the most expensive way to deal with the issue.
So what’s the solution? Clean energy sources like co-generation, tri-generation and solar can help reduce strain on the electricity network during peak demand times. And energy efficiency measures can also make a big impact in reducing peak demand.
The increasing uptake of rooftop solar panels is already playing a major role in managing peak demand on hot summer days. The technology’s growing contribution was particularly evident during the January 2014 heatwave – the Energy Supply Association of Australia acknowledged that rooftop solar probably stopped Victoria from hitting a new record for network power use on a single day.
There is also substantial scope for different types of ‘smart’ power demand management to help reduce peak demand. These can include remotely cycling air-conditioners on and off, more widespread use of energy storage and a system that charges different rates for power use during peak periods.
By better managing peak demand, we can reduce the need to build expensive extra power infrastructure and help ease the pain of residential power prices.
^ Source: Australian Energy Market Commission, 2018 Residential Electricity Price Trends
Clean Energy Australia Report
